Development




Drug development is the process of bringing a new drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes pre-clinical research (microorganisms/animals) and clinical trials (on humans) and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval to market the drug.

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Administration

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Administration is the process by which a patient takes a medicine. There are three major categories of drug administration; enteral (via the human gastrointestinal tract), injection, and other (dermal, nasal, ophthalmic, otologic, and urogenital). Oral administration, the most common form of enteral administration, can be performed in various dosage forms including pills, tablets, or capsules, and other routes likewise have various forms. The drug may contain a single or multiple active ingredients. They can be administered all at once as a bolus, at frequent intervals or continuously. Frequencies are often abbreviated from Latin, such as every 8 hours reading Q8H from Quaque VIII Hora .
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Definition

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In Europe, the term is "medicinal product", and it is defined by EU law as: "Any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings; or" "Any substance or combination of substances which may be used in or administered to human beings either with a view to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or to making a medical diagnosis.": 36 In the US, a "drug" is: A substance recognized by an official pharmacopeia or formulary. A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body. A substance intended for use as a component of a medicine but not a device or a component, part or accessory of a device. Biological products are included within this definition and ...
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Types of medicines

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This article may have too many section headers dividing up its content . Please help improve the article by merging similar sections and removing unneeded subheaders. ( April 2019 ) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) For the digestive system edit Upper digestive tract: antacids, reflux suppressants, antiflatulents, antidopaminergics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H 2 -receptor antagonists, cytoprotectants, prostaglandin analogues. Lower digestive tract: laxatives, antispasmodics, antidiarrhoeals, bile acid sequestrants, opioid. For the cardiovascular system edit General: β-receptor blockers ("beta blockers"), calcium channel blockers, diuretics, cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmics, nitrate, antianginals, vasoconstrictors, vasodilators. Affecting blood pressure/(antihypertensive drugs): ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, α blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, aldosterone inhibitors. Coagulat...
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